Categories Criminal Cases, Criminal Lawyer, Legal Disputes

Section 154 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973

Section 154 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure, 1973

(1) Every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if given orally to an officer in charge of a police station, shall be reduced to writing by him or under his direction and be read over to the informant; and every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as aforesaid, shall be signed by the person giving it and the substance thereof shall be entered in a book to be kept by such officer in such form as the State Government may prescribe in this behalf.

Provided that if the information is given by the woman against whom an offence under section 326A, section 326B, section 354, section 354A, section 354B, section 354C, section 354D, section 376, section 376A, section 376AB, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376D A, section 376D B), section 376E or section 509 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) is alleged to have been committed or attempted, then such information shall be recorded, by a woman police officer or any woman officer.

Provided further that

(a) in the event that the person against whom an offence under section 354, section 354A, section 354B, section 354C, section 354D, section 376, ‘[section 376A, section 376AB, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376DA, section 376DB), section 376E or section 509 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) is alleged to have been committed or attempted, is temporarily or • permanently mentally or physically disabled, then such information shall be recorded by a police officer, at the residence of the person seeking to report such offence or at a convenient place of such person’s choice, in the presence of an interpreter or a special educator, as the case may be.

(b) the recording of such information shall be video graphed.

(c) the police officer shall get the statement of the person recorded by a Judicial Magistrate under clause (a) of sub-section (5A) of section 164 as soon as possible.)

(2) A copy of the information as recorded under sub-section (1) shall be given forthwith, free of cost, to the informant.

(3) Any person, aggrieved by a refusal on the part of an officer in charge of a police station to record the information referred to in sub-section (1) may send the substance of such information, in writing and by post, to the Superintendent of Police concerned who, if satisfied that such information discloses the commission of a cognizable offence, shall either investigate the case himself or direct an investigation to be made by any police officer subordinate to him, in the manner provided by this Code and such officer shall have all the powers of an officer in charge of the police station in relation to that offence.

सीआरपीसी की धारा 154 :-

(1) संज्ञेय अपराध के किए जाने से संबंधित प्रत्येक इत्तिला, यदि पुलिस थाने के भारसाधक अधिकारी को मौखिक दी गई है तो उसके द्वारा या उसके निदेशाधीन लेखबद्ध कर ली जाएगी और इत्तिला देने वाले को पढ़कर सुनाई जाएगी और प्रत्येक ऐसी इत्तिला पर, चाहे वह लिखित रूप में दी गई हो या पूर्वोक्त रूप में लेखबद्ध की गई हो, उस व्यक्ति द्वारा हस्ताक्षर किए जाएंगे, जो उसे दे और उसका सार ऐसी पुस्तक में, जो उस अधिकारी द्वारा ऐसे रूप में रखी जाएगी जिसे राज्य सरकार इस निमित्त विहित करे, प्रविष्ट किया जाएगा।

परन्तु यदि किसी स्त्री द्वारा, जिसके विरुद्ध भारतीय दण्ड संहिता (1860 का 45) की धारा 326 क, धारा 326 ख, धारा 354, धारा 354क, धारा 354ख, धारा 354ग, धारा 354घ, धारा 376, धारा 376 क, धारा 376 क ख, धारा 376ख, धारा 376ग, धारा 376 घ, धारा 376 घ क, धारा 376घ ख, धारा 376ङ या धारा 509 के अधीन किसी अपराध के किए जाने या किए जाने का प्रयत्न किए जाने का अभिकथन किया गया है, कोई इत्तिला दी जाती है तो ऐसी इत्तिला किसी महिला पुलिस अधिकारी या किसी महिला अधिकारी द्वारा अभिलिखित की जाएगी |

परन्तु यह और कि:

(क) यदि वह व्यक्ति, जिसके विरुद्ध भारतीय दण्ड संहिता (1860 का 45) की धारा 354, धारा 354क, धारा 354ख, धारा 354ग, धारा 354घ, धारा 376, धारा 376क, धारा 376कख, धारा 376ख, धारा 376ग, धारा 376घ, धारा 376घक, धारा 376घख, धारा 376ङ या धारा 509 के अधीन किसी अपराध के किए जाने का या किए जाने का प्रयत्न किए जाने का अभिकथन किया गया है, अस्थायी या स्थायी रूप से मानसिक या शारीरिक रूप से नि:शक्त है, तो ऐसी इत्तिला किसी पुलिस अधिकारी द्वारा उस व्यक्ति के, जो ऐसे अपराध की रिपोर्ट करने की ईप्सा करता है, निवास-स्थान पर या उस व्यक्ति के विकल्प के किसी सुगम स्थान पर, यथास्थिति, किसी द्विभाषिए या किसी विशेष प्रबोधक की उपस्थिति में अभिलिखित की जाएगी;

(ख) ऐसी इत्तिला के अभिलेखन की वीडियो फिल्म तैयार की जाएगी;

(ग) पुलिस अधिकारी, धारा 164 की उपधारा (5क) के खण्ड (क) के अधीन किसी न्यायिक मजिस्ट्रेट द्वारा उस व्यक्ति का कथन यथा संभवशीघ्र अभिलिखित कराएगा।

(2) उपधारा (1) के अधीन अभिलिखित इत्तिला की प्रतिलिपि, इत्तिला देने वाले को तत्काल निःशुल्क जाएगी।

(3) कोई व्यक्ति जो किसी पुलिस थाने के भारसाधक अधिकारी के उपधारा (1) में निर्दिष्ट इत्तिला को अभिलिखित करने से इंकार करने से व्यथित है, ऐसी इत्तिला का सार लिखित रूप में और डाक द्वारा संबद्ध पुलिस अधीक्षक को भेज सकता है जो, यदि उसका यह समाधान हो जाता है कि ऐसी इत्तिला से किसी संज्ञेय अपराध का किया जाना प्रकट होता है तो, या तो स्वयं मामले का अन्वेषण करेगा या अपने अधीनस्थ किसी पुलिस अधिकारी द्वारा इस संहिता द्वारा उपबंधित रीति में अन्वेषण किए जाने का निदेश देगा और उस अधिकारी को उस अपराध के संबंध में पुलिस थाने के भारसाधक अधिकारी की सभी शक्तियाँ होंगी।

Advocate Paresh M Modi is a highly skilled lawyer practicing at the Gujarat High Court Lawyer in Ahmedabad. With his extensive experience and expertise, He has established himself as a renowned advocate in the region. Stay connected with him on social media for updates:

Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Instagram | YouTube

Follow Advocate Paresh M Modi, the esteemed lawyer, for valuable insights, legal analysis, and engaging discussions. Stay informed about the law and legal developments through his informative content. In the meantime, check out other Information from Home Page, or call us at Landline No: +91-79-48001468 or Phone & WhatsApp No: +91 99250 02031.

Author Advocate Paresh M Modi
Categories Criminal Cases, Criminal Lawyer

Section 300 Judgement

Section 300 Murder

Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death, or—

2ndly.—If it is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to whom the harm is caused, or—

3rdly.—If it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, or—

4thly.—If the person committing the act knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death, or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid.

एतस्मिनपश्चात् अपवादित मामलों को छोड़कर, गैर इरादतन मानव वध हत्या है, यदि वह कार्य जिसके द्वारा मृत्यु कारित की जाती है, मृत्यु कारित करने के आशय से किया जाता है, या—

(द्वितीय) – यदि यह ऐसी शारीरिक क्षति कारित करने के आशय से किया जाता है, जिसके बारे में अपराधी जानता है कि इससे उस व्यक्ति की मृत्यु होने की संभावना है, जिसे क्षति पहुंचाई गई है, या—

(तीसरा)—यदि यह किसी व्यक्ति को शारीरिक क्षति पहुंचाने के इरादे से किया गया हो और वह शारीरिक क्षति प्रकृति के सामान्य अनुक्रम में मृत्यु कारित करने के लिए पर्याप्त हो, या—

(चौथा) – यदि कार्य करने वाला व्यक्ति जानता है कि यह इतना खतरनाक है कि यह पूरी संभावना में मृत्यु या ऐसी शारीरिक चोट का कारण बनता है जिससे मृत्यु होने की संभावना है, और इस तरह के कार्य को जोखिम उठाने के लिए किसी भी बहाने के बिना करता है मौत या इस तरह की चोट के कारण पूर्वोक्त। रेखांकन

Advocate Paresh M Modi is a highly skilled lawyer practicing at the Gujarat High Court Lawyer in Ahmedabad. With his extensive experience and expertise, He has established himself as a renowned advocate in the region. Stay connected with him on social media for updates:

Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Instagram | YouTube

Follow Advocate Paresh M Modi, the esteemed lawyer, for valuable insights, legal analysis, and engaging discussions. Stay informed about the law and legal developments through his informative content. In the meantime, check out other Information from Home Page, or call us at Landline No: +91-79-48001468 or Phone & WhatsApp No: +91 99250 02031.

Author Advocate Paresh M Modi
Categories Criminal Cases, Legal Disputes

The Indian Evidence Act 1872

113. Proof of cession of territory.—A notification in the Official Gazette that any portion of British territory has 1[before the commencement of Part III of the Government of India Act, 1935 (26 Geo. 5, ch. 2)] been ceded to any Native State, Prince or Ruler, shall be conclusive proof that a valid cession of such territory took place at the date mentioned in such notification.

113A. Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman.—When the question is whether the commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by her husband or any relative of her husband and it is shown that she had committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty, the Court may presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her husband.”
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “cruelty” shall have the same meaning as in section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

113B. Presumption as to dowry death.—When the question is whether a person has committed the dowry death of a woman and it is shown that soon before her death such woman has been subjected by such person to cruelty or harassment for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, the Court shall presume that such person had caused the dowry death.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “dowry death” shall have the same meaning as in section 304B, of the Indian Penal Code, (45 of 1860).]

113. राज्यक्षेत्र के अध्यर्पण का सबूत- शासकीय राजपत्र में यह अधिसूचना कि ब्रिटिश राज्यक्षेत्र का कोई भाग किसी भारतीय राज्य, राजा या शासक को गवर्नमेंट आफ इंडिया ऐक्ट 1935 के भाग 3 के प्रारम्भ से पूर्व (26 ज.5, अ.2) अध्यर्पित किया गया है, इस बात का निश्चायक सबूत होगा कि ऐसे राज्यक्षकत्र का ऐसी अधिसूचना में वर्णित तारीख को विधिमान्य अध्यर्पण हुआ।

113-क. किसी विवाहित स्त्री द्वारा आत्महत्या के दुष्प्रेरण के बारे में उपधारणा- जब प्रश्न यह है कि किसी स्त्री द्वारा आत्महत्या का करना उसके पति या उसके पति के किसी नाते दार द्वारा दुष्प्रेरित किया गया है और यह दर्शित किया गया है कि उसने अपने विवाह की तारीख से सात वर्ष की अवधि के भीतर आत्महत्या की थी और यह कि उसके पति या उसके पति के ऐसे ठेकेदार ने उसके प्रति क्रूरता की थी, तो न्यायालय मामले की सभी अन्य परिस्थितियों को ध्यान में रखते हुए यह उपधारणा कर सकेगा कि ऐसी आत्महत्या उसके पति द्वारा दुष्प्रेरित की गई थी।
स्पष्टीकरण- इस धारा के प्रयोजनों के लिए “क्रूरता” का सही अर्थ है, जो भारतीय दण्ड संहिता (1860 का 45) की धारा 498-क में हैं।

113-ख. दहेज मृत्यु के बारे में उपधारणा- जब प्रश्न यह है कि व्यक्ति ने किसी स्त्री की दहेज मृत्यु की है और यह दर्शित किया जाता है कि मृत्यु के कुछ पूर्व ऐसे व्यक्ति ने दहेज की किसी मांग के लिए या उसके सम्बन्ध में उस स्त्री के साथ क्रूरता की थी या उस को तंग किया था तो न्यायालय यह उपधारणा करेगा कि ऐसे व्यक्ति ने दहेज मृत्यु कारित की थी।
स्पष्टीकरण- इस धारा के प्रयोजनों के लिए “दहेज मृत्यु” का सही अर्थ है, जो भारतीय दण्ड संहिता (1860 का 45) की धारा 304 ख में हैं।

Advocate Paresh M Modi is a highly skilled lawyer practicing at the Gujarat High Court Lawyer in Ahmedabad. With his extensive experience and expertise, He has established himself as a renowned advocate in the region. Stay connected with him on social media for updates:

Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Instagram | YouTube

Follow Advocate Paresh M Modi, the esteemed lawyer, for valuable insights, legal analysis, and engaging discussions. Stay informed about the law and legal developments through his informative content. In the meantime, check out other Information from Home Page, or call us at Landline No: +91-79-48001468 or Phone & WhatsApp No: +91 99250 02031.

Author Advocate Paresh M Modi
Categories Criminal Cases

The Importance of Legal Representation in Criminal Cases | 9925002031

Legal representation is a fundamental right that is guaranteed to all individuals who are facing criminal charges. This right is enshrined in the constitutions of many countries, including the United States, where it is enshrined in the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution. However, despite the constitutional guarantee of legal representation, many individuals facing criminal charges do not fully understand the importance of having a competent and experienced lawyer by their side.

In this article, we will explore the importance of legal representation in criminal cases. We will examine the role that lawyers play in protecting the rights of their clients, ensuring that the legal process is fair and just, and securing the best possible outcome for their clients. We will also discuss the potential consequences of not having legal representation in criminal cases, including the increased risk of wrongful convictions, longer sentences, and the loss of certain legal rights.

In addition, we will examine some of the key factors that individuals should consider when selecting a lawyer for their criminal case. These factors include the lawyer’s experience, knowledge of the law, and reputation in the legal community.

Finally, we will provide some practical tips for individuals who are facing criminal charges and seeking legal representation. These tips will include advice on how to find a qualified lawyer, what to expect during the legal process, and how to work effectively with your lawyer to achieve the best possible outcome in your case.

Overall, this article will serve as a comprehensive guide to the importance of legal representation in criminal cases. Whether you are a lawyer seeking to educate your clients on this critical issue, or an individual facing criminal charges who wants to better understand your rights and options, this article will provide valuable insights and practical advice.

Advocate Paresh M Modi, based in Ahmedabad, is a renowned criminal lawyer known for his expertise and proficiency in the field. With a strong focus on delivering justice, he is committed to defending individuals facing criminal charges. Paresh M Modi possesses extensive legal knowledge and utilizes his sharp analytical skills to craft effective defense strategies. His dedication, experience, and determination make him a trusted advocate in the legal community. Clients can rely on Advocate Paresh M Modi for professional and skilled representation, ensuring their rights are safeguarded throughout the legal process.

Atrocity Act Cases Advocate in Ahmedabad | Paresh M Modi | 9925002031 | Gujarat Lawyers for ST-SC Act

The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 – Complete Details

Advocate Paresh M Modi, a reputed criminal lawyer in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, specializes in Atrocity Act cases. This webpage provides a comprehensive understanding of The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, commonly known as the Atrocity Act, including its key provisions, sections, penalties, legal procedures, witnesses’ requirements, defenses for the accused, and other legal aspects.

Introduction to the Atrocity Act, 1989

The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, was enacted to prevent offenses against Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) and provide them protection and justice against discrimination, violence, and exploitation.

This Act aims to:
✔️ Prevent atrocities against SC/ST communities.
✔️ Ensure punishment for offenders committing caste-based crimes.
✔️ Provide relief and rehabilitation to victims.
✔️ Set up special courts for speedy trials.

This law is further strengthened by The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015, which increased the list of offenses and enhanced penalties.

Key Sections of the Atrocity Act & Punishments

1. Offenses under the Act and Punishments

SectionOffense DescriptionPunishment
Section 3(1)Committing various atrocities against SC/ST individuals, such as forcing them to drink/eat inedible substances, removing clothes, parading naked, or wrongfully dispossessing them of land.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(2)(i)Giving false evidence to convict an innocent SC/ST person, leading to the death penalty or life imprisonment.Same punishment as prescribed for the offense
Section 3(2)(ii)Giving false evidence to wrongly convict an SC/ST person for an offense punishable with 7+ years of imprisonment.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 7 years imprisonment
Section 3(2)(iii)Causing hurt to an SC/ST person in police custody.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 7 years imprisonment
Section 3(2)(v)Committing any offense under IPC punishable with 10+ years imprisonment against SC/ST persons because of their caste.Life imprisonment and fine
Section 3(2)(va)Any criminal offense under IPC committed against SC/ST persons due to caste identity.Punishment as per IPC + fine
Section 3(3)Preventing SC/ST persons from using public places.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(4)Boycotting SC/ST persons socially or economically.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(5)Preventing SC/ST persons from voting or filing nominations in elections.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 3(6)Compelling an SC/ST woman for prostitution.Minimum 10 years to life imprisonment and fine
Section 3(7)Attempting to humiliate an SC/ST person.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 5 years imprisonment and fine
Section 4Public servants neglecting their duty to prevent atrocities.Minimum 6 months to Maximum 1 year imprisonment

Special Provisions in the Act

✔️ Non-Bailable – Atrocity Act offenses are non-bailable, meaning the accused cannot get bail easily.
✔️ Strict Bail Conditions – As per Section 18 & 18A, anticipatory bail is not allowed for offenses under this Act.
✔️ Special Courts – Trials under this Act take place in designated Special Courts for speedy disposal.
✔️ Witness & Victim Protection – The Act provides security to witnesses and victims to prevent coercion.

Requirement of Witnesses in Atrocity Cases

✔️ Direct Witnesses – Someone who saw the crime happen.
✔️ Circumstantial Witnesses – Someone who knows the background of the offense.
✔️ Victim Statement – The victim’s FIR and testimony hold significant weight.
✔️ Medical Reports – If applicable, injury reports help prove physical harm.
✔️ Electronic Evidence – Videos, call recordings, and messages can strengthen the case.

Defenses Available for the Accused

1️⃣ False Allegation Defense – Proving that the case is motivated by personal revenge or property disputes.
2️⃣ Absence of Intent – If no caste-based discrimination was involved, the accused can claim innocence.
3️⃣ Lack of Witnesses – If the case lacks reliable witnesses, it weakens the prosecution’s claim.
4️⃣ Challenging FIR – If the FIR is filed after an unusual delay without a valid reason, it can be challenged.
5️⃣ Cross-Examination of Witnesses – The accused can prove contradictions in witness statements.
6️⃣ Anticipatory Bail in Rare Cases – If prima facie evidence is weak, bail may be granted in exceptional circumstances.
7️⃣ SC Judgment Protection – If Supreme Court precedents support the accused, they can be cited for defense.

Legal Procedure & Case Stages

1️⃣ Filing an FIR – The victim files an FIR at the police station.
2️⃣ Investigation – Police record witness statements and gather evidence.
3️⃣ Arrest & Custody – If evidence is strong, the accused is arrested.
4️⃣ Charge Sheet – Police submit the charge sheet to the Special Court.
5️⃣ Trial in Special Court – Prosecution and defense present their cases.
6️⃣ Judgment & Sentencing – The court delivers the final verdict.
7️⃣ Appeal Process – If convicted, the accused can appeal in the High Court or Supreme Court.

Why Choose Advocate Paresh M Modi for Atrocity Act Cases?

✔️ Expertise in Criminal Law – Extensive experience in SC/ST Atrocity cases.
✔️ Strong Defense Strategy – Expertise in bail applications, FIR quashing, and acquittals.
✔️ High Court & Supreme Court Representation – Handles cases at all legal levels.
✔️ Client Protection & Confidentiality – Ensures complete safety and fairness in legal proceedings.
✔️ 24/7 Legal Assistance – Available for urgent legal consultation.

Final Words

The Atrocity Act is a powerful law, and it must be used justly. If you or someone you know is involved in an SC/ST atrocity case, get expert legal help from Advocate Paresh M Modi, the best Atrocity Act lawyer in Gujarat

For legal advice on Atrocity Act cases, contact:

📞 Mobile: +91 9925002031 (WhatsApp only, 9 AM – 9 PM)
📞 Office Landline: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM – 6:30 PM)
✉️ Email: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
🌐 Website: www.advocatepmmodi.in
📍 Office Address: C/112, Supath-2 Complex, Opp. Kohinoor Plaza Hotel, Near Old Wadaj Bus Stand, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat – 380013, India.

IN GUJARATI LANGUAGE

અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદો (SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989) – સંપૂર્ણ માહિતી

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી, એક જાણીતા અપરાધી કાયદાના નિષ્ણાત, અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદા (Atrocity Act)નાં કેસો હલ કરવામાં પારંગત છે. અહીં SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 વિશે સંપૂર્ણ માહિતી આપવામાં આવી છે, જેમાં મુખ્ય કલમો, સજા, દંડ, સાક્ષીઓની આવશ્યકતા, આરોપીના સંરક્ષણ અને અન્ય કાનૂની બાબતો શામેલ છે.

અત્યાચાર વિરોધી કાયદાનું પરિચય

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 એ ખાસ કરીને અનુસૂચિત જાતિ (SC) અને અનુસૂચિત જનજાતિ (ST) ના નાગરિકોની સુરક્ષા અને ન્યાય સુનિશ્ચિત કરવા માટે બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે.

આ કાયદા હેઠળ: ✔️ અત્યાચાર અને અન્યાયને રોકવા માટે કડક નિયમો બનાવવામાં આવ્યા છે.
✔️ SC/ST નાગરિકો માટે વિશેષ સુરક્ષા અને ન્યાય મેળવવાની વ્યવસ્થા કરવામાં આવી છે.
✔️ દોષિતને કડક સજા આપવામાં આવે છે.
✔️ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટો દ્વારા ઝડપી સુનાવણી થાય છે.

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act, 2015 દ્વારા આ કાયદાને વધુ મજબૂત બનાવવામાં આવ્યો છે.

અત્યાચાર કાયદાની મુખ્ય કલમો અને સજાઓ

કલમગુનોસજા
કલમ 3(1)SC/ST વ્યક્તિ સામે બળાત્કાર, શારીરિક ત્રાસ, જમીન કબ્જો, જાતિવાદી અપમાન વગેરે6 મહિના થી 5 વર્ષની કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(2)(i)SC/ST વ્યક્તિને ખોટી સાક્ષી દ્વારા ફસાવવાનો પ્રયાસ, જેનાથી મોતની સજા થઈ શકેમોતની સજા અથવા આજીવન કેદ
કલમ 3(2)(ii)SC/ST વ્યક્તિને ખોટી સાક્ષી દ્વારા ફસાવવા માટે 7+ વર્ષની સજા6 મહિના થી 7 વર્ષની કેદ
કલમ 3(2)(v)SC/ST વ્યક્તિ સામે કોઈપણ IPC હેઠળનો ગુનો, જે 10+ વર્ષની સજાને પાત્ર હોયઆજીવન કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(4)SC/ST વ્યક્તિનું સામાજિક અથવા આર્થિક બહિષ્કાર6 મહિના થી 5 વર્ષની કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 3(6)SC/ST મહિલાને દેહવ્યાપાર માટે મજબૂર કરવું10 વર્ષથી આજીવન કેદ અને દંડ
કલમ 4જાહેર કર્મચારી પોતાની ફરજમાં કાળજી લેવામાં નિષ્ફળ જાય6 મહિના થી 1 વર્ષની કેદ

કાયદાની વિશેષ જોગવાઇઓ

✔️ બિનજામીનપાત્ર ગુનાઓ – આ કાયદા હેઠળ આરોપી સરળતાથી જામીન મેળવી શકતો નથી.
✔️ જામીન પર કડક શરતો – કલમ 18 અને 18A હેઠળ, આગોતરી જામીન મળવાની શક્યતા નથી.
✔️ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટમાં કેસની સુનાવણી – અત્યાચાર કાયદા હેઠળ વિશેષ અદાલતો દ્વારા ઝડપી ન્યાય અપાય છે.
✔️ સાક્ષી અને પીડિત રક્ષણ – પીડિત અને સાક્ષીઓને સનરક્ષણ અપાય છે.

SC/ST અત્યાચાર કેસમાં સાક્ષીઓની આવશ્યકતા

✔️ સજીવ સાક્ષી (Direct Witness) – જેમણે ઘટનાને પોતાની આંખે જોઈ હોય.
✔️ પરીસ્થિતિજ સાક્ષી (Circumstantial Witness) – જેવી કે, પીડિત પર અગાઉના હુમલા, ગાંસડી દસ્તાવેજો.
✔️ ફિરયાદીનું નિવેદન – પીડિત વ્યક્તિનું FIR અને કોર્ટમાં આપેલું નિવેદન મહત્વપૂર્ણ સાબિત થાય છે.
✔️ ચિકિત્સા અહેવાલ (Medical Reports) – જખમ અથવા હુમલાના પુરાવા.
✔️ ઇલેક્ટ્રોનિક પુરાવા (Electronic Evidence) – વિડીયો, ઑડિયો રેકોર્ડિંગ, WhatsApp મેસેજ વગેરે.

આરોપી માટે કાનૂની સંરક્ષણ (Defences for the Accused)

1️⃣ ખોટા આરોપનો બચાવ – વ્યક્તિએ ખોટા આરોપ મૂક્યા છે તે સાબિત કરવું.
2️⃣ ઉદ્દેશ્યનો અભાવ – જો ગુનામાં જાતિ આધારિત ભેદભાવ ન થયો હોય, તો આરોપી નિર્દોષ સાબિત થઈ શકે.
3️⃣ જાળવણીમાં ખોટો કેસ – વ્યક્તિએ પીડિતને ખોટી રીતે ફસાવવાનો પ્રયાસ કર્યો છે તે બતાવવું.
4️⃣ FIR ને પડકારવું – જો FIR મોડું નોંધાયું હોય અને તેનું યથાર્થ કારણ ન હોય, તો તે મુદ્દો ઉઠાવી શકાય.
5️⃣ સાક્ષીઓની શંકાસ્પદતા – જો સાક્ષીઓ વિશ્વસનીય ન હોય, તો કેસ કથળી શકે.
6️⃣ જામીન મેળવવાની તક – અદાલત પૂરતા પુરાવા ન હોય તો જામીન આપી શકે.
7️⃣ સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટના નિર્ણયો – જો અગાઉના ચુકાદાઓનો આધાર મલતો હોય, તો તેનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકાય.

કાનૂની પ્રક્રિયા અને કેસના તબક્કા

1️⃣ FIR નોંધાવવી – પીડિત વ્યક્તિ પોલીસ સ્ટેશનમાં FIR નોંધાવે.
2️⃣ તપાસ પ્રક્રિયા – પોલીસ સાક્ષીઓના નિવેદન લે છે અને પુરાવા એકત્ર કરે છે.
3️⃣ આરોપીની ધરપકડ – મજબૂત પુરાવા હોવા પર આરોપીની ધરપકડ થાય.
4️⃣ ચાર્જશીટ દાખલ થાય – પોલીસ કેસ કોર્ટમાં રજૂ કરે.
5️⃣ વિશિષ્ટ કોર્ટમાં ટ્રાયલ – પ્રોસિક્યુશન અને ડિફેન્સ બંને પક્ષોની દલીલો થાય.
6️⃣ ફેંસલો અને સજા – કોર્ટ દ્વારા નિર્ણય લેવામાં આવે.
7️⃣ અપીલ પ્રક્રિયા – સજા મળ્યા પછી, હાઇકોર્ટ અથવા સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટમાં અપીલ કરી શકાય.

એડવોકેટ પરેશ એમ મોદી સાથે સંપર્ક કરો

📞 મોબાઇલ: +91 9925002031 (WhatsApp મેસેજ માત્ર 9 AM – 9 PM)
📞 ઓફિસ લૅન્ડલાઇન: +91-79-48001468 (10:30 AM – 6:30 PM)
✉️ ઈમેલ: advocatepmmodi@gmail.com
🌐 વેબસાઇટ: www.advocatepmmodi.in
📍 ઓફિસ સરનામું: C/112, સુપથ-2 કોમ્પ્લેક્સ, કોહિનૂર પ્લાઝા હોટેલ સામે, જૂના વાડજ બસ સ્ટેન્ડ, આશ્રમ રોડ, અમદાવાદ, ગુજરાત – 380013.

 

Author Advocate Paresh M Modi
1 … 18 19 20