Comprehensive list of laws and acts in India
1. Constitutional Laws
- The Constitution of India, 1950
Supreme law of India that lays down the framework for political principles, procedures, rights, duties, and government structure. - Right to Information Act, 2005
Empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities, ensuring transparency and accountability in governance. - Right to Education Act, 2009
Guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14, enforcing the fundamental right to education.
2. Criminal Laws
- Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860
Defines offenses and prescribes punishments for crimes like theft, murder, cheating, etc., forming the core of criminal law in India. - Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973
Details processes for criminal investigations, arrests, trials, and justice delivery, ensuring procedural fairness. - Indian Evidence Act, 1872
Specifies admissible evidence, burden of proof, and relevance in criminal and civil cases to ensure justice. - Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
Targets corruption in public offices, penalizing bribery and misuse of power for private gain. - Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967
Empowers agencies to counter terrorism and activities threatening national security. - The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
Safeguards Scheduled Castes and Tribes from social discrimination and violence. - Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
Protects women from physical, emotional, and economic abuse in domestic settings.
3. Civil Laws
- Indian Contract Act, 1872
Governs contracts, their formation, performance, and enforcement, ensuring lawful agreements. - Transfer of Property Act, 1882
Regulates transfer of immovable property, defining rights of transferors and transferees. - Specific Relief Act, 1963
Provides remedies for the enforcement of civil rights when monetary compensation isn’t adequate. - The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
Promotes alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, like arbitration and conciliation, to reduce court burdens. - The Consumer Protection Act, 2019
Empowers consumers against unfair trade practices and defective goods, ensuring justice in consumer disputes.
4. Labor and Employment Laws
- Factories Act, 1948
Ensures safety, welfare, and working conditions in factories, protecting labor rights. - Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952
Regulates compulsory provident fund schemes for employees, ensuring retirement benefits. - Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
Addresses disputes between employers and employees, ensuring harmonious industrial relations.
5. Corporate and Financial Laws
- The Companies Act, 2013
Regulates company formation, governance, and dissolution, promoting corporate responsibility. - Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992
Regulates securities markets, protecting investors and ensuring market stability. - Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016
Provides a unified framework for resolving corporate insolvency and bankruptcy efficiently. - The Banking Regulation Act, 1949
Regulates banking practices, ensuring financial stability and customer protection.
6. Family Laws
- Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
Regulates marriage, divorce, and related issues for Hindus, ensuring lawful practices. - Special Marriage Act, 1954
Provides a framework for interfaith and civil marriages across India. - Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937
Applies Islamic laws to personal matters like marriage, divorce, and inheritance for Muslims. - The Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
Defines laws for appointing and regulating guardians for minors.
7. Cyber Laws
- Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000
Addresses cybercrimes like hacking, identity theft, and online fraud, promoting secure digital transactions.
8. Environmental Laws
- The Environment Protection Act, 1986
Empowers the government to take measures for environmental preservation and pollution control. - The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Protects wildlife species and regulates sanctuaries and national parks. - The Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Regulates deforestation and promotes forest conservation for ecological balance.
9. Taxation Laws
- Income Tax Act, 1961
Regulates taxation on income earned by individuals and corporations, ensuring revenue collection. - Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2017
Unifies multiple indirect taxes into one, simplifying taxation for businesses and consumers. - The Customs Act, 1962
Regulates import and export duties, protecting domestic industries.
10. Special State Laws
Gujarat-Specific Laws
- Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949
Bans alcohol production, sale, and consumption in Gujarat, enforcing the state’s prohibition policy. - Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organized Crime Act, 2015 (GUJCOCA)
Targets organized crime in Gujarat, empowering authorities to take stringent actions.
Maharashtra-Specific Laws
- Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA), 1999
Addresses organized crime and terrorism in Maharashtra, aiding law enforcement agencies. - Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949
Regulates alcohol prohibition laws, ensuring public safety.
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11. Real Estate and Property Laws
- Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA), 2016
Regulates the real estate sector to promote transparency, protect homebuyers, and establish a system for efficient dispute resolution. - The Land Acquisition Act, 2013
Provides fair compensation to landowners during acquisition for public purposes while ensuring their livelihood. - The Easements Act, 1882
Defines rights for using another’s land for specific purposes like pathways, drainage, and more. - The Registration Act, 1908
Mandates registration of documents related to property transactions to ensure legal validity.
12. Intellectual Property Laws
- The Patents Act, 1970
Protects inventions by granting exclusive rights to inventors, encouraging innovation and investment. - The Copyright Act, 1957
Safeguards creators of literary, artistic, and musical works by granting exclusive reproduction rights. - The Trademarks Act, 1999
Provides legal protection to brand names, logos, and symbols, ensuring distinct identity in the market. - The Designs Act, 2000
Protects the visual design of products, preventing unauthorized replication or imitation.
13. Laws Related to Women
- Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Criminalizes giving and receiving dowry, aiming to prevent exploitation and violence against women. - The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
Provides maternity leave and benefits to working women, promoting their health and well-being. - The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
Ensures safe work environments for women, addressing workplace harassment effectively.
14. Agriculture and Land Laws
- The Indian Forest Act, 1927
Regulates forest use, conservation, and trade in forest produce, balancing development and ecology. - The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
Fixes minimum wages for agricultural laborers to ensure fair pay and prevent exploitation. - The Gujarat Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948
Regulates the rights of tenants and agricultural land use in Gujarat, protecting farmers’ interests. - Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966
Governs land revenue administration, ensuring proper management of agricultural lands.
15. Public Health Laws
- The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
Empowers governments to take measures during epidemics to control disease spread and ensure public safety. - The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
Regulates the manufacture, sale, and distribution of drugs and cosmetics to ensure safety and efficacy. - The Clinical Establishments Act, 2010
Standardizes healthcare facilities to improve service quality across India.
16. Miscellaneous Laws
- The Official Secrets Act, 1923
Protects sensitive information related to national security, prohibiting unauthorized disclosure. - The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
Ensures compensation for damages caused by hazardous industries to affected individuals. - The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
Regulates road transport, traffic safety, vehicle registration, and insurance requirements. - The Indian Stamp Act, 1899
Mandates stamp duty payment on legal documents, ensuring financial transparency.
17. Education Laws
- The University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956
Regulates higher education, ensuring quality standards and financial grants to universities. - The National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993
Promotes teacher education by setting standards and ensuring professional development.
18. Media and Entertainment Laws
- The Cinematograph Act, 1952
Regulates film certification and ensures public screening complies with social norms. - The Cable Television Networks Regulation Act, 1995
Prevents unauthorized cable operations and promotes responsible broadcasting.
19. Special State Laws
Gujarat-Specific
- Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976
Regulates town planning and land use in Gujarat, ensuring organized urban development. - Gujarat Public Premises Act, 1972
Ensures speedy eviction of unauthorized occupants from public properties in Gujarat.
Maharashtra-Specific
- Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999
Regulates landlord-tenant relationships, ensuring fair rent and eviction processes. - Maharashtra Private Forests Act, 1975
Protects private forests and promotes ecological balance in Maharashtra.
20. Taxation and Financial Laws
- The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) Act, 2015
Targets unaccounted foreign assets, ensuring transparency in wealth management. - The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988
Prevents property ownership under fictitious names, ensuring financial transparency.
(Hindi Translation)
भारतीय कानूनों और अधिनियमों की विस्तृत सूची
1. संवैधानिक कानून
- भारतीय संविधान, 1950
भारत का सर्वोच्च कानून जो राजनीतिक सिद्धांतों, प्रक्रियाओं, अधिकारों, कर्तव्यों और सरकार की संरचना का ढांचा प्रस्तुत करता है। - सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2005
नागरिकों को सार्वजनिक अधिकारियों से जानकारी प्राप्त करने का अधिकार प्रदान करता है, जिससे शासन में पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेही सुनिश्चित होती है। - शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2009
6 से 14 वर्ष के बच्चों के लिए मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा की गारंटी देता है।
2. आपराधिक कानून
- भारतीय दंड संहिता (IPC), 1860
अपराधों को परिभाषित करता है और चोरी, हत्या, धोखाधड़ी जैसे अपराधों के लिए दंड निर्धारित करता है। - दंड प्रक्रिया संहिता (CrPC), 1973
आपराधिक जांच, गिरफ्तारी, परीक्षण और न्याय वितरण की प्रक्रियाओं का विवरण देता है। - भारतीय साक्ष्य अधिनियम, 1872
साक्ष्य की स्वीकार्यता, प्रमाण का भार और प्रासंगिकता को परिभाषित करता है। - भ्रष्टाचार निवारण अधिनियम, 1988
सार्वजनिक कार्यालयों में भ्रष्टाचार पर रोक लगाता है।
3. सिविल कानून
- भारतीय अनुबंध अधिनियम, 1872
अनुबंधों की संरचना, निष्पादन और प्रवर्तन को नियंत्रित करता है। - संपत्ति हस्तांतरण अधिनियम, 1882
अचल संपत्ति के हस्तांतरण को नियंत्रित करता है। - उपभोक्ता संरक्षण अधिनियम, 2019
उपभोक्ताओं को अनुचित व्यापार प्रथाओं और दोषपूर्ण वस्तुओं के खिलाफ सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है।
4. श्रम और रोजगार कानून
- कारखाना अधिनियम, 1948
कारखानों में श्रमिकों की सुरक्षा और कल्याण सुनिश्चित करता है। - कर्मचारी भविष्य निधि अधिनियम, 1952
सेवानिवृत्ति लाभ सुनिश्चित करने के लिए अनिवार्य भविष्य निधि योजनाओं को नियंत्रित करता है।
5. कॉर्पोरेट और वित्तीय कानून
- कंपनी अधिनियम, 2013
कंपनी गठन, शासन और विघटन को नियंत्रित करता है। - सिक्योरिटीज एंड एक्सचेंज बोर्ड ऑफ इंडिया (SEBI) अधिनियम, 1992
प्रतिभूति बाजार को नियंत्रित करता है।
6. परिवार कानून – फेमीली लो
- हिंदू विवाह अधिनियम, 1955
हिंदुओं के विवाह और तलाक से संबंधित मुद्दों को नियंत्रित करता है। - विशेष विवाह अधिनियम, 1954
भारत में अंतर-धर्म और नागरिक विवाह के लिए एक ढांचा प्रदान करता है।
7. साइबर कानून
- सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी (IT) अधिनियम, 2000
हैकिंग, पहचान की चोरी और ऑनलाइन धोखाधड़ी जैसे साइबर अपराधों को संबोधित करता है।
8. पर्यावरण कानून
- पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम, 1986
पर्यावरण संरक्षण और प्रदूषण नियंत्रण के उपाय करता है। - वन्यजीव संरक्षण अधिनियम, 1972
वन्यजीव प्रजातियों की रक्षा करता है।
(Gujarati Translation)
ભારતીય કાયદાઓ અને અધિનિયમોની સમગ્ર યાદી
1. બંધારણીય કાયદાઓ
- ભારતનું બંધારણ, 1950
ભારતનું સર્વોચ્ચ કાનૂન, જે રાજકીય સિદ્ધાંતો, પ્રક્રિયાઓ, અધિકારો અને સરકારની રચનાને પરિભાષિત કરે છે. - માહિતીનો અધિકાર અધિનિયમ, 2005
નાગરિકોને સરકારી તંત્રોમાંથી માહિતી મેળવવાનો અધિકાર આપે છે. - શિક્ષણનો અધિકાર અધિનિયમ, 2009
6 થી 14 વર્ષના બાળકો માટે મફત અને ફરજિયાત શિક્ષણની ખાતરી આપે છે.
2. ફોજદારી કાયદાઓ
- ભારતીય દંડ સંહિતા (IPC), 1860
અપરાધોની વ્યાખ્યા કરે છે અને દંડ નિર્ધારિત કરે છે. - દંડ પ્રક્રિયા સંહિતા (CrPC), 1973
ફોજદારી તપાસ, ધરપકડ અને ન્યાય વિતરણની પ્રક્રિયાઓનું વિગતવાર વર્ણન કરે છે.
3. નાગરિક કાયદાઓ
- ભારતીય કરાર અધિનિયમ, 1872
કરારના નિર્માણ અને અમલને નિયંત્રિત કરે છે. - જમીન સ્થાનાંતરણ અધિનિયમ, 1882
અચલ સંપત્તિના સ્થાનાંતરણને નિયંત્રિત કરે છે.
4. શ્રમ કાયદાઓ
- ફેક્ટરીઝ અધિનિયમ, 1948
ફેક્ટરી કામદારોના સુરક્ષા અને કલ્યાણની ખાતરી કરે છે.
5. કંપની અને નાણાકીય કાયદાઓ
- કંપની અધિનિયમ, 2013
કંપનીના બંધારણ અને વિસર્જનને નિયંત્રિત કરે છે.
6. પરિવાર કાયદાઓ – ફેમીલી લો
- હિન્દુ લગ્ન અધિનિયમ, 1955
હિન્દુઓના લગ્ન અને તેમના સાથેના મુદ્દાઓને નિયંત્રિત કરે છે.
7. સાયબર કાયદાઓ
- માહિતી તકનીકી અધિનિયમ, 2000
હેકિંગ અને ઓનલાઈન છેતરપિંડી જેવા સાયબર અપરાધોને મોખરે લાવે છે.
8. પર્યાવરણ કાયદાઓ
પર્યાવરણ સંરક્ષણ અધિનિયમ, 1986
પર્યાવરણના સંરક્ષણ માટેના પગલાં લે છે.
Contact Advocate Paresh M Modi
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